भारतीय संस्कृति

Republic of India

Glob
India
India Map

Flag
Indian Flag

Colours of the Flag: In the national flag of India the top band is of Saffron colour, indicating the strength and courage of the country. The white middle band indicates peace and truth with Dharma Chakra. The last band is green in colour shows the fertility, growth and auspiciousness of the land.


National Emblem
Indian Emblem

Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)


Anthem

"Jana Gana Mana" (Hindi)


National song

"Vande Mataram" (Hindi)


Capital
New Delhi
New Delhi

New Delhi is the capital of India and one of Delhi city's 11 districts.


Largest city
Mumbai
Mumbai

Mumbai also known as Bombay, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra.


Official languages
Hindi (हिन्दी)

Hindi (Devanagari: हिन्दी), or Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: मानक हिन्दी: Mānak Hindī) is a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language.

English

Indian English is any of the forms of English characteristic of India. English is a lingua franca of India.


Religion

79.8% Hinduism

14.2% Islam

2.3% Christianity

1.7% Sikhism

0.7% Buddhism

0.4% Jainism

0.9% Others


Demonym

Indian

Indian Hand
Indian

A demonym is a word that identifies residents or natives of a particular place, which is derived from the name of that particular place.

Examples of demonyms include Indian for a person of India.


Government

Ram Nath Kovind  Ram Nath Kovind (President)

Mumbai  Venkaiah Naidu (Vice-President)

Narendra Damodardas Modi  Narendra Damodardas Modi (Prime Minister)

Dipak Misra  Ranjan Gogoi (Chief Justice)

Sumitra Mahajan  Om Birla (Lok Sabha Speaker)


Legislature

Parliament of India

Indian-Parliament

Rajya Sabha

Lok Sabha


Independence
Indian-Parliament

Dominion - [15 August 1947]

Republic - [26 January 1950]


Currency
Indian-Parliament

Indian Rupee (INR)


Population
2017 estimate

1,310,069,000


Culture of India

Our India

Our India
Our India
Our India

India is one of the world's oldest civilizations and one of the most populated countries in the world. The Indian culture, often labeled as an amalgamation of several various cultures, spans across the Indian subcontinent and has been influenced and shaped by a history that is several thousand years old. Throughout the history of India, Indian culture has been heavily influenced by Dharmic religions. They have been credited with shaping much of Indian philosophy, literature, architecture, art and music.Greater India was the historical extent of Indian culture beyond the Indian subcontinent. This particularly concerns the spread of Hinduism, Buddhism, architecture, administration and writing system from India to other parts of Asia through the Silk Road by the travellers and maritime traders during the early centuries of the Common Era. To the west, Greater India overlaps with Greater Persia in the Hindu Kush and Pamir Mountains. Over the centuries, there has been significant fusion of cultures between Buddhists, Hindus, Muslims (Sunni, Shia, Sufi), Jains, Sikhs and various tribal populations in India.


India is the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, collectively known as Indian religions.Indian religions are a major form of world religions along with Abrahamic ones. Today, Hinduism and Buddhism are the world's third and fourth-largest religions respectively, with over 2 billion followers altogether, and possibly as many as 2.5 or 2.6 billion followers. Followers of Indian religions – Hindus, Sikhs, Jains and Buddhists make up around 80–82% population of India.

National Symbols

National Flower
Indian Lotus
National Flower Lotus

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture.


National Fruit
Mango
National Flower Lotus

Mango (Mangifera indica) originated in India and the country is home to more than 100 varieties of the fruit.


National River
Ganga
National Flower Lotus

Ganga is the longest river of India with the most heavily populated river basin in the world. The river is revered by Hindus as the most sacred river on earth.


National Tree
Indian banyan
National Flower Lotus

Indian banyan (Ficus bengalensis) root themselves to form new trees and grow over large areas. Because of this characteristic and its longevity, this tree is considered immortal and is an integral part of the myths and legends of India.


National Animal
Royal Bengal Tiger
National Flower Lotus

Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), the largest carnivore is found only in the Indian subcontinent and can be found in most regions of the country.


National Aquatic Animal
River Dolphin
National

Gangetic dolphin (Platanista gangetica) is said to represent the purity of the holy Ganga River as it can only survive in pure and fresh water.


National Bird
Indian Peacock

Indian peacock (Pavo cristatus) is designated as the national bird of India. A bird indigenous to the subcontinent, peacock represents the unity of vivid colours and finds references in Indian culture.


Family Structure And Marriage

Marriage (Vivaah)
Indian Marriage Indian Marriage Palkhi

A Hindu wedding is Vivaha (Sanskrit: विवाह) and the wedding ceremony is called vivaah sanskar in North India and kalyanam (generally) in South India. Hindus attach a great deal of importance to marriages. The ceremonies are very colourful, and celebrations may extend for several days. The bride's and groom's home - entrance, doors, wall, floor, roof - are sometimes decorated with colors, balloons,and other decorations.


Type Of Marriage

Indian Marriage
Brahma Vivaah

It has the most supreme type of matrimony among all the eight types of marriages. In this type of marriage, the groom's family search for a suitable girl for their boy. Then the father of the bride invites the potential groom to his house. After making sure that the groom is a learned man and is of good conduct, the father gets his daughter married to him.

Indian Marriage
Prajapatya Vivaah

In this kind of marriage, the girl's father goes in search of a suitable groom. Since here the girl's father goes in search of a suitable guy, it is also considered as an inferior type of marriage.

Indian Marriage
Daiva Vivaah

It is an inferior type of marriage. The bride's family wait for a specific time to get her married. In that time if she is not able to find a suitable groom for herself, then she is married off to a priest during a sacrifice.

Indian Marriage
Arsha Vivaah

In this type of marriage, the girl is married to the sages. The bride is given in the exchange of two cows. Since this type of marriage involves business transactions, it is not considered a noble matrimony.


Indian Marriage
Asura Vivaah

In this type of marriage, the girl's family receives gifts and money from the groom. Due to this most of the times the groom is no match for the bride. But since the family receives money, the girl is forced to marry the mismatched groom.

Indian Marriage
Gandharva Vivaah

The modern form of this type of marriage is love marriage. A boy and girl get married in secret irrespective of whether the families agree to it or not.

Indian Marriage
Rakshasa Vivaah

In this type of marriage, the groom fights the bride's family. He forcibly marries her against her will and takes her away.

Indian Marriage
Paishacha Vivaah

In this a man stealthily seduces the girl and marries her when she is sleeping or is intoxicated or handicapped.


Arranged marriage
Indian Marriage

Arranged marriages have long been the norm in Indian society. Even today, the majority of Indians have their marriages planned by their parents and other respected family-members. In the past, the age of marriage was young. The average age of marriage for women in India has increased to 21 years, according to 2011 Census of India. In 2009, about 7% of women got married before the age of 18.


Marriage in Islam (Nikah)
Indian Marriage

In Islam, marriage is a legal contract (Literary Arabic: عقد القران ʻaqd al-qirān, "matrimony contract"; Urdu: نکاح نامہ‎ / ALA-LC: Nikāḥ-nāmah),(In Persian (Farsi): ازدواج (ezdevāj) (= marriage) and سند ازدواج or عقدنامه (Sǎnǎde ezdevāj; aqd nāmeh) for the certificate), between two people. Both the groom and the bride are to consent to the marriage of their own free wills.


Sikh marriage
Indian Marriage

Most families combine the wedding ceremony with the engagement ceremony called the "kurmai", which is held just before the wedding vows or laava. The engagement ceremony can also be held as a separate event on a different day. It is usually conducted in the gurdwara or at the home of the groom-to-be. It involves ardas, kirtan, sagun (exchange of gifts) and langar. In the "sagaan" ceremony, the groom is presented with a kara, kirpan, Indian sweets, fresh fruits, dried fruits and nuts. The bride-to-be's family in turn are presented with garments and sweets.


Christian marriage
Indian Marriage

Most Christian authorities and bodies view marriage (also called Holy Matrimony) as a state instituted and ordained by God for the lifelong relationship between one man as husband and one woman as a wife. They consider it the most intimate of human relationships, a gift from God, and a sacred institution. Protestants consider it to be sacred, holy, and even central to the community of faith, while Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Christians consider it a Sacrament. Biblically, it is to be "held in honour among all.


Greetings

Greetings (शुभकामना)
Indian Marriage

Greeting is an act of communication in which human beings intentionally make their presence known to each other, to show attention to, and to suggest a type of relationship (usually cordial) or social status (formal or informal) between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other.


Greetings in Hindi
Namaste, Jai Sri Ram (नमस्ते)

Greetings include Namaste in (Hindi and Sanskrit), Namaskar (Hindi)


Greetings in Odia
Juhar/Namaskar and Jai Jagannath

Greetings include Juhar/Namaskar and Jai Jagannath in (Odia)


Greetings in Marathi
Namaskar

Greetings include Namaskar in (Marathi)


Greetings in Kannada
Namaskara

Greetings include Namaskara in (Kannada)


Greetings in (Telugu, Malayalam)
Namaskaram

Greetings include Namaskaram in (Telugu, Malayalam)


Greetings in Tamil
Vanakkam

Greetings include Vanakkam in (Tamil)


Greetings in Bengali
Nomoshkaar or Ami Aschi

Greetings include Nomoshkaar or Ami Aschi in (Bengali)


Greetings in Assamese
Nomoskar

Greetings include Nomoskar in (Assamese)


Greetings in Gujarati
Jai Shri Krishna

Greetings include Jai Shri Krishna in (Gujarati)


Greetings in Punjabi
Ram Ram or Sat Sri Akal

Greetings include Ram Ram or Sat Sri Akal in (Punjabi)


Greetings in Urdu
Salaam-vaalaikum or Vaalaikum-salaam

Greetings include Salaam-vaalaikum or Vaalaikum-salaam in (Urdu)


Festivals

Festivals (समारोह)
Indian Marriage

India, being a multi-cultural, multi-ethnic and multi-religious society, celebrates holidays and festivals of various religions. The three national holidays in India, the Independence Day, the Republic Day and the Gandhi Jayanti, are celebrated with zeal and enthusiasm across India.


Our Indian Festivals

Indian Marriage
Navratri

Navratri celebrates either Durga or Rama depending on the region. Navratri (Sanskrit: नवरात्रि, literally "nine nights"), also spelled Navaratri or Navarathri, is a multi-day Hindu festival celebrated in the autumn every year.

Indian Marriage
Krishna Janmashtami

Krishna Janmashtami (Devanagari कृष्ण जन्माष्टमी, Kṛṣṇa Janmāṣṭamī), also known simply as Janmashtami, is an annual Hindu festival that celebrates the birth of Krishna, the eighth avatar of Vishnu.

Indian Marriage
Diwali or Deepavali

Rangoli decorations, made using coloured powder or sand, are popular during Diwali. Also called Deepavali

Indian Marriage
Maha Shivaratri

Maha Shivaratri is a Hindu festival celebrated annually in honour of the god Shiva.


Indian Marriage
Ganesh Chaturthi

Ganesh Chaturthi (Gaṇēśa Chaturthī), also known as Vinayaka Chaturthi (Vināyaka Chaturthī), is the Hindu festival that reveres god Ganesha. A ten-day festival, it starts on the fourth day of Hindu luni-solar calendar month Bhadrapada, which typically falls in Gregorian months of August or September.

Indian Marriage
Durga Puja

Durga Puja, also called Durgotsava and Navaratri, is an annual Hindu festival in the Indian subcontinent that reveres the goddess Durga. It is observed in the Hindu calendar month of Ashvin, typically September or October of the Gregorian calendar.

Indian Marriage
Holi

Holi (Sanskrit: होली Holī) is a Hindu spring festival celebrated in India and Nepal, also known as the "festival of colours" or the "festival of love". The festival signifies the victory of good over evil, the arrival of spring, end of winter, and for many a festive day to meet others, play and laugh, forget and forgive, and repair broken relationships.

Indian Marriage
Raksha Bandhan

Raksha Bandhan, or simply Rakhi in many parts of India and Nepal, is a Hindu religious and secular festival. Raksha bandhan means "bond of protection". sister and brother get together, tie rakhi on wrist, perform aarti, mark tilak, brother promises to protect sister, sister feeds brother, brother gives gift, hugs


Indian Festivals
Muharram or Islamic New Year

Not many know that the Muslim New Year commences with the month of Muharram, considered to be the second holiest month after Ramadan. However, it is a month of mourning and is observed with slight variances by Sunni and Shia Muslims. The tenth day of Muharram, known as the Day of Ashura, commemorates the death of Hussein Ibn Ali, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad, in the Battle of Karbala.

Indian Festivals
Eid-e-Milad-un-Nabi

The birthday of Prophet Mohammad is also known as Mawlid and takes on local flavors in various parts of the world. There is an emerging trend of commemorating this day with much fanfare, song and dance that are not part of traditionally modest Islamic observances. Homes and mosques are decorated with lights, and religious congregations are held to honour the Prophet.

Indian Marriage
Baisakhi

Baisakhi is both a harvest as well as a historically significant festival in Punjab. The day is remembered as the martyrdom day of Guru Teg Bahadur. The festival is also an important harvest festival for the winter crop, rabi. All over Punjab, various fairs and processions are held, that invite everyone to join in the celebration. The entire state is lit up in the celebration of Baisakhi, producing a state of happiness in people.

Indian Marriage
Gurupurab

The most important festival is the Sikh community, the various Gurupurabs are a matter of holiness, spirituality and jubilance for the Sikhs. They celebrate the birth anniversaries or martyrdoms of the highly-revered Sikh Gurus. The festival is begun and culminated by a religious procession, in which holy hymns are chanted. The festival is marked by the recital of the Guru Granth Sahib, the holy book of the Sikhs.

Animals

Royal Bengal Tiger
Indian Marriage Palkhi

India has nearly 90,000 types of animals including over 350 mammals, 1,200 bird species and 50,000 plant species.Many of these are only found on the subcontinent. These include the Asian elephant, Bengal tiger, Asiatic lion, Indian rhinoceros and several types of monkey.India is home to a variety of animal life.Apart from a handful of domesticated animals, such as cows, water buffaloes, goats, chickens, and both Bactrian and Dromedary camels, India has a wide variety of animals native to the country.


Indian State Animals

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Gayal are found in Nepal, India to Indochina, and the Malay Peninsula.They found in small groups and usually contain one adult male and several females and juveniles. The skin color of the head and body is blackish-brown in both sexes, and the lower portion of the limbs are white or yellowish, the shank and forehead are creamy white or yellowish in color.

Gayal
Arunachal Pradesh

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The Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), also called the greater one-horned rhinoceros and great Indian rhinoceros, is a rhinoceros native to the Indian subcontinent. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, as populations are fragmented and restricted to less than 20,000 km2 (7,700 sq mi).

One-horned rhinoceros
Assam

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The gaur, also called the Indian bison, is the largest extant bovine. This species is native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1986. Population decline in parts of its range is likely to be more than 70% during the last three generations..

Gaur
Bihar

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The wild water buffalo, also called Asian buffalo, Asiatic buffalo and wild Asian buffalo, is a large bovine native to the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It has been listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List since 1986, as the remaining population totals less than 4,000.

Wild water buffalo
Chhattisgarh

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Gaur
Goa

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Asiatic lion
Gujarat

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Blackbuck
Haryana

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Snow leopard
Himachal Pradesh

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Hangul
Jammu and Kashmir

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Indian Elephant
Jharkhand

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Indian Elephant
Karnataka

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Indian Elephant
Kerala

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Barasingha
MadhyaPradesh

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Indian giant squirrel
Maharashtra

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Sangai
Manipur

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Clouded leopard
Meghalaya

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Himalayan serow
Mizoram

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Mithun
Nagaland

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Sambar
Odisha

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Blackbuck
Punjab

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Dromedary Camel
Rajasthan

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Red panda
Sikkim

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Nilgiri tahr
Tamil Nadu

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Spotted deer
Telangana

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Phayre's langur
Tripura

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Swamp deer
Uttar Pradesh

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Alpine Musk Deer
Uttarakhand

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Fishing cat
West Bengal

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Dugong
Andaman and Nicobar Islands

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Indian Gray Mongoose
Chandigarh

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Nilgai
Delhi

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Butterfly fish
Lakshadweep

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The blackbuck, also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus Antilope. The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Indian palm squirrel
Puducherry

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Not declared yet

Not declared yet
Daman and Diu

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Not declared yet

Not declared yet
Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Cuisine

Cuisine (पाक-प्रणाली)
Indian Cuisine

Indian cuisine consists of a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent. Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits. Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion.Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.


Our Indian Cuisine

Lights
The traditional Gujarati food is primarily vegetarian and has a high nutritional value. The typical Gujarati thali consists of varied kinds of lip smacking dishes. Gujarati cuisine has so much to offer and each dish has an absolutely different cooking style.

Gujarati Food

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Kashmiri food that we have today in the restaurants has evolved over the years. Highly influenced by the traditional food of the Kashmiri pundits, it has now taken some of the features of the cooking style adopted in Central Asia, Persia and Afghanistan.

Kashmiri food

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The cuisine of Punjab has an enormous variety of mouth-watering vegetarian as well as non vegetarian dishes. The spice content ranges from minimal to pleasant to high. Punjabi food is usually relished by people of all communities. In Punjab, home cooking differs from the restaurant cooking style.

Punjabi Food

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The cuisine of Rajasthan is primarily vegetarian and offers a fabulous variety of mouthwatering dishes. The spice content is quite high in comparison to other Indian cuisines, but the food is absolutely scrumptious. Rajasthanis use ghee for cooking most of the dishes. Rajasthani food is well known for its spicy curries and delicious sweets.

Rajasthani Food

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The cuisine of South India is known for its light, low calorie appetizing dishes. The traditional food of South India is mainly rice based. The cuisine is famous for its wonderful mixing of rice and lentils to prepare yummy lip smacking dosas, vadas, idlis and uttapams.

South Indian Food

Clothing

Clothing (पहनावा)
Indian Clothes

Clothing in India varies depending on the different ethnicity, geography, climate and cultural traditions of the people of each region of India. Historically, male and female clothing has evolved from simple kaupinam, langota, dhoti, lungi, saree, gamucha, and loincloths to cover the body to elaborate costumes not only used in daily wear but also on festive occasions as well as rituals and dance performances. In urban areas, western clothing is common and uniformly worn by people of all social levels.


Our Indian Clothing

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Salwar is a generic description of the lower garment incorporating the Punjabi salwar, Sindhi suthan, Dogri pajamma (also called suthan) and the Kashmiri suthan.The salwar kameez has become the most popular dress for females. It consists of loose trousers (the salwar) narrow at the ankles, topped by a tunic top (the kameez). Women generally wear a dupatta or odani (Veil) with salwar kameez to cover their head and shoulders.

Salwar

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A Ghagra Choli or a Lehenga Choli is the traditional clothing of women in Rajasthan and Gujarat. Punjabis also wear them and they are used in some of their folk dances. It is a combination of lehenga, a tight choli and an odhani. A lehenga is a form of a long skirt which is pleated. It is usually embroidered or has a thick border at the bottom. A choli is a blouse shell garment, which is cut to fit to the body and has short sleeves and a low neck.

Lehenga Choli

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Pattu Pavadai or Langa davani is a traditional dress in south India and Rajasthan, usually worn by teenage and small girls. The pavada is a cone-shaped skirt, usually of silk, that hangs down from the waist to the toes. It normally has a golden border at the bottom.Girls in south India often wear pattu pavadai or Langa davani during traditional functions.

Pattu Pavadai

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Mekhela Sador is the traditional Assamese dress worn by women. It is worn by women of all ages.There are three main pieces of cloth that are draped around the body.The bottom portion, draped from the waist downwards is called the Mekhela.The top portion of the three-piece dress, called the Sador.The third piece is called a Riha, which is worn under the Sador. It is narrow in width.

Mekhela Sador

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Churidaar is a variation on the salwar, loose above the knees and tightly fitted to the calf below. While the salwar is baggy and caught in at the ankle, the churidar fits below the knees with horizontal gathers near the ankles. The churidaar can be worn with any upper garment such as a long kurta, which goes below the knees, or as part of the anarkali suit.

Indian Churidaar

Lights
This is a type of South Indian dress mainly worn in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu, as well as in some parts of Kerala. This dress is a three-piece garment where the lengha or lehenga is the cone shaped long flowing skirt.

Dhavani

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The anarkali suit is made up of a long, frock-style top and features a slim fitted bottom.The anarkali is an extremely desirable style that is adorned by women located in Northern India, Pakistan and The Middle East. The anarkali suit varies in many different lengths and embroideries including floor length anarkali styles. Many women will also opt for heavier embroidered anarkali suits on wedding functions and events.

Anarkali Suit

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Dhoti is the national dress of India. A dhoti is from four to six feet long white or colour strip of cotton. This traditional attire is mainly worn by men in villages. It is held in place by a style of wrapping and sometimes with the help of a belt, ornamental and embroidered or a flat and simple one, around the waist.The cultural icons such as the classical musicians, dancers and poets can be quite often seen clad in dhoti kurta.

Indian Dhoti

Lights
A Lungi, also known as sarong, is a traditional garment of India. A Mundu is a lungi, except that it is always white. It is either tucked in, over the waist, up to knee-length or is allowed to lie over and reach up to the ankle. It is usually tucked in when the person is working, in fields or workshops, and left open usually as a mark of respect, in worship places or when the person is around dignitaries.

Indian Lungi

Lights
An Achkan or a Sherwani is a long coat / jacket that usually sports exposed buttons through the length of the jacket. The length is usually just below the knees and the jacket ends just below the knee. The jacket has a Nehru collar, which is a collar that stands up. The Achkan is worn with tight fitting pants or trousers called churidars. Churidars are trousers that are loose around the hips and thighs, but are tight and gathered around the ankle.

Sherwani

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A Jodhpuri or a Bandhgala is a formal evening suit from India. It originated in the Jodhpur State, and was popularized during the British Raj in India. Also known as Jodhpuri Suit, it is a western style suit product, with a coat and a trouser, at times accompanied by a vest. It brings together the western cut with Indian hand-embroidery escorted by the Waist coat.It is suitable for occasions such as weddings and formal gatherings.

Bandhgala

Lights
The term angarkha is derived from the Sanskrit word Aṅgarakṣaka, which means protection of the body.The angarkha was worn in various parts of the Indian Subcontinent, but while the basic cut remained the same, styles and lengths varied from region to region. Angarakha is a traditional upper garment worn in the Indian Subcontinent which overlap and are tied to the left or right shoulder.

Angarakha

Lights
The Dastar, also known as a pagri, is a turban worn by the Sikh community of India. Is a symbol of faith representing values such as valour, honour and spirituality among others. It is worn to protect the Sikh's long, uncut hair, the Kesh which is one of the Five Ks of Sikhism.Over the years, the dastar has evolved into different styles pertaining to the various sects of Sikhism such as the Nihang and the Namdhari.

Dastar

Lights
Pheta is the Marathi name for turbans worn in the state of Maharashtra. It's usually worn during traditional ceremonies and occasions. It was a mandatory part of clothing in the past and have evolved into various styles in different regions. The main types are the Puneri Pagadi, Kolhapuri and Mawali pheta.

Pheta

Lights
The Gandhi cap, a white coloured cap made of khadi was popularised by Mahatma Gandhi during the Indian independence movement. The practice of wearing a Gandhi cap was carried on even after independence and became a symbolic tradition for politicians and social activists. The cap has been worn throughout history in many states such as Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal and is still worn by many people without political significance.

Gandhi Cap

Languages and Literature

Language (भाषा)
Indian languages

Languages spoken in India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians.Languages spoken by the remaining 2.31% of the population belong to the Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, and a few other minor language families and isolates.India (780) has the world's second highest number of languages, after Papua New Guinea (839).Article 343 of the Indian constitution stated that the official language of the Union should become Hindi in Devanagari script instead of the extant English.


Our Indian Languages

Sanskrit

Sanskrit is a language of ancient India with a documented history of nearly 3,500 years. It is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; the predominant language of most works of Hindu philosophy as well as some of the principal texts of Buddhism and Jainism. Sanskrit, in its various variants and dialects, was the lingua franca of ancient and medieval India. In the early 1st millennium CE, along with Buddhism and Hinduism, Sanskrit migrated to Southeast Asia, parts of East Asia and Central Asia, emerging as a language of high culture and of local ruling elites in these regions.


Hindi

Hindi, or Modern Standard Hindi is a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language. Along with the English language, Hindi written in the Devanagari script is the official language of India.Hindi is the lingua franca of the Hindi belt, and to a lesser extent the whole of India.


English

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca. Named after the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to the area of Britain that would later take their name, England, both names ultimately deriving from the Anglia peninsula in the Baltic Sea. It is closely related to the Frisian languages, but its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by other Germanic languages, particularly Norse, as well as by Latin and French.


Bengali

Bengali, also known by its endonym Bangla, is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in South Asia. It is the official and most widely spoken language of Bangladesh and second most widely spoken of the 22 scheduled languages of India, behind Hindi.


Telugu

Telugu is a South-central Dravidian language native to India. It stands alongside Hindi, English and Bengali as one of the few languages with official primary language status in more than one Indian state. Telugu is the primary language in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and the union territory of Puducherry. There are also significant linguistic minorities in neighbouring states. It is one of six languages designated a classical language of India by the country's government.


Marathi

Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly by around 83 million Marathi people of Maharashtra, India. It is the official language and co-official language in the Maharashtra and Goa states of Western India, respectively, and is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. There were 83 million speakers in 2011; Marathi ranks 19th in the list of most spoken languages in the world. Marathi has the third largest number of native speakers in India, after Hindi and Bengali. Marathi has some of the oldest literature of all modern Indian languages, dating from about 900 AD. The major dialects of Marathi are Standard Marathi and the Varhadi dialect. Koli, Malvani Konkani has been heavily influenced by Marathi varieties.


Tamil

Tamil is a Dravidian language predominantly spoken by the Tamil people of India and Sri Lanka, and by the Tamil diaspora, Sri Lankan Moors, Burghers, Douglas, and Chindians. Tamil is an official language of two countries: Sri Lanka and Singapore. It has official status in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the Indian Union Territory of Puducherry. It is used as one of the languages of education in Malaysia, along with English, Malay and Mandarin. Tamil is spoken by significant minorities in the four other South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.


Urdu

Urdu is a Persianised standard register of the Hindustani language. It is the official national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. In India, it is one of the 22 official languages recognized in the Constitution of India, having official status in the six states of Jammu and Kashmir, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal, as well as the national capital territory of Delhi. It is a registered regional language of Nepal.


Kannada

Kannada is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Kannada people in India, mainly in the state of Karnataka, and by significant linguistic minorities in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Kerala, Goa and abroad. The language has roughly 43.7 million native speakers, who are called Kannadigas. Kannada is also spoken as a second and third language by over 12.9 million non-Kannada speakers living in Karnataka, which adds up to 56.6 million speakers. It is one of the scheduled languages of India and the official and administrative language of the state of Karnataka.


Gujarati

Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian state of Gujarat. It is part of the greater Indo-European language family. Gujarati is descended from Old Gujarati. In India, it is the official language in the state of Gujarat, as well as an official language in the union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli. As of 2011, Gujarati is the 6th most widely spoken language in India by number of native speakers, spoken by 55.5 million speakers which amounts to about 4.5% of the total Indian population. It is the 26th most widely spoken language in the world by number of native speakers as of 2007.


Odia

Odia is a language spoken by 4.2% of India's population. It is a classical Indo-Aryan language that is spoken mostly in eastern India, with around 40 million native speakers globally.Odia is one of the many official languages of India; it is the official language of Odisha and the second official language of Jharkhand.Odia is the sixth Indian language to be designated a Classical Language in India on the basis of having a long literary history and not having borrowed extensively from other languages.


Malayalam

Malayalam is a Dravidian language spoken across the Indian state of Kerala by the Malayali people and it is one of 22 scheduled languages of India. Designated a "Classical Language in India" in 2013, it was developed into the current form mainly by the influence of the poet Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan in the 16th century. Malayalam has official language status in the state of Kerala and in the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry. It belongs to the Dravidian family of languages and is spoken by 38 million people. Malayalam is also spoken by linguistic minorities in the neighbouring states; with significant number of speakers in the Nilgiris, Kanyakumari and Coimbatore districts of Tamil Nadu, and Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. Malayalam serves as a link language on certain islands, including the Mahl-dominated Minicoy Island.

Performance & Arts

Performing arts (कला प्रदर्शन)
visual arts (दृश्य कला)
Indian arts

Culture plays an important role in the development of any nation. It represents a set of shared attitudes, values, goals and practices. Culture and creativity manifest themselves in almost all economic, social and other activities. A country as diverse as India is symbolized by the plurality of its culture.India has one of the world’s largest collections of songs, music, dance, theatre, folk traditions, performing arts, rites and rituals, paintings and writings that are known, as the ‘Intangible Cultural Heritage’ (ICH) of humanity.


Indian Classical dance

Indian Marriage
Bharatanatyam

Bharatanatyam is a classical dance from the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.The dance is usually accompanied by classical Carnatic music. Bharatnatyam is a major genre of Indian classical dance that originated in the Hindu temples of Tamil Nadu and neighboring regions.

Indian Marriage
Kathakali

Kathakali is a highly stylized classical dance-drama form which originated from Kerala in the 17th century.This classical dance form is another "story play" genre of art, but one distinguished by its elaborate colorful makeup, costumes and face masks wearing actor-dancers, who have traditionally been all males.

Kathak
Kathak

Kathak is traditionally attributed to the traveling bards of ancient northern India, known as Kathakars or storytellers.Kathak is found in three distinct forms, named after the cities where the Kathak dance tradition evolved – Jaipur, Banaras and Lucknow.

Indian Marriage
Kuchipudi

Kuchipudi classical dance originated in a village of Krishna district in modern era Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It has roots in antiquity and developed as a religious art linked to traveling bards, temples and spiritual beliefs, like all major classical dances of India.

Odissi
Odissi

Odissi originated in the Hindu temples of Odisha – an eastern coastal state of India.Odissi, in its history, was performed predominantly by women. Odissi is traditionally a dance-drama genre of performance art.

Indian Marriage
Sattriya

Sattriya is a classical dance-drama performance art with origins in the Krishna-centered Vaishnavism monasteries of Assam, and attributed to the 15th century Bhakti movement scholar and saint named Srimanta Sankardev.

Kathak
Manipuri

Manipuri, also known as Jagoi is named after the region of its origin – Manipur, a state in northeastern India bordering with Myanmar (Burma).It is particularly known for its Hindu Vaishnavism themes, and performances of love-inspired dance drama of Radha-Krishna called Ras Lila.

Indian Marriage
Mohiniyattam

Mohiniyattam developed in the state of Kerala, gets its name from Mohini – the seductress avatar of Vishnu, who in Hindu mythology uses her charms to help the good prevail in a battle between good and evil.It is traditionally a solo dance performed by women after extensive training.


Indian Arts

Mohenjo Daro
Dancing Girl of Mohenjo-Daro

The most famous piece is the bronze Dancing Girl of Mohenjo-Daro, which shows remarkably advanced modeling of the human figure for this early date.Mohenjo-daro is an archaeological site in the province of Sindh, Pakistan.

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Vishvanatha Temple

The Vishvanatha Temple is a part of Khajuraho Group of Monuments.Khajuraho Group of Monuments is a group of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain temples in Madhya Pradesh, India, about 175 kilometres (109 mi) southeast of Jhansi.

Kathak
Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal.

Indian Marriage
Charminar

The Charminar, constructed in 1591, is a monument and mosque located in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The landmark has become a global icon of Hyderabad, listed among the most recognized structures of India.It is where Many local festivals are celebrated in Charminar area like Ramzaan.

Mohenjo Daro
rock painting

Rock art of India includes rock relief carvings, engravings and paintings. It is estimated there are about 1300 rock art sites with over a quarter of a million figures and figurines. the Bhimbetka rock shelters have been deemed a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

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Pataliputra capital

The Pataliputra capital is a monumental rectangular capital with volutes and Classical Greek designs, that was discovered in the palace ruins of the ancient Mauryan Empire capital city of Pataliputra. It is dated to the 3rd century BCE.

Kathak
Karla caves Chaitya

The Karla Caves, Karli Caves, Karle Caves or Karla Cells, are a complex of ancient Buddhist Indian rock-cut caves at Karli near Lonavala, Maharashtra. The shrines were developed over the period – from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD.

Indian Marriage
Gol Gumbaz

Gol Gumbaz is the mausoleum of king Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur. Construction of the tomb, located in Vijayapura, Karnataka, India, was started in 1626 and completed in 1656. The name is based on Gola gummata derived from Gol Gumbad meaning "circular dome". It follows the style of Deccan architecture.

Introduction to Indian Cultural